Walnut Creek Upstream Pool, near Erie, PA
USGS 04213152 · Pennsylvania · reports discharge (live), gauge height, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, specific conductance
USGS 04213152 · Pennsylvania · reports discharge (live), gauge height, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, specific conductance
What the agencies suggest
Stand back from the shoreline and be aware of surroundingsRhode Island Department of Environmental Management
Wading and boating should be avoided if waters are running high and muddy and the streambed is not visiblePennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission
General guidance from the readings and the published lines named above, not a fishing forecast. Local rules and closures come first.
Reading Nov 5, 9:30 PM EST · provisional USGS data
Much below normal for Nov 5 Rising · 24 h
Discharge, last 7 days: 169 readings from Oct 29, 10:30 PM EDT to Nov 5, 9:30 PM EST; ranging 5.35 to 20.2 ft³/s; latest 13.4 ft³/s; shaded band: typical range (25th–75th percentile) for each date.
USGS provisional data may be revised. Source: USGS instantaneous values.
| Time | Discharge (ft³/s) | Gauge height (ft) | Water temp (°F) | Normal, 25th–75th (ft³/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 5, 9:30 PM EST | 13.4 | 3.23 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 8:30 PM EST | 13.4 | 3.23 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 7:30 PM EST | 15.4 | 3.25 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 6:30 PM EST | 16.5 | 3.26 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 5:30 PM EST | 17.7 | 3.27 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 4:30 PM EST | 20.2 | 3.29 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 3:30 PM EST | 8.83 | 3.17 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 2:30 PM EST | 8.83 | 3.17 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 1:30 PM EST | 8.83 | 3.17 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 12:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 11:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 10:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 9:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 8:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 7:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 6:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 5:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 4:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 3:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 2:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 1:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 5, 12:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 25–59 |
| Nov 4, 11:30 PM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 10:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 9:30 PM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 8:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 7:30 PM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 6:30 PM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 5:30 PM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 4:30 PM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 3:30 PM EST | 5.35 | 3.09 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 2:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 1:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 12:30 PM EST | 5.76 | 3.1 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 11:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 10:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 9:30 AM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 8:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 7:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 6:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 5:30 AM EST | 5.76 | 3.1 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 4:30 AM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 3:30 AM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 2:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 1:30 AM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 4, 12:30 AM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 26–65 |
| Nov 3, 11:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 10:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 9:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 8:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 7:30 PM EST | 6.18 | 3.11 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 6:30 PM EST | 5.76 | 3.1 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 5:30 PM EST | 5.76 | 3.1 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 4:30 PM EST | 5.76 | 3.1 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 3:30 PM EST | 5.35 | 3.09 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 2:30 PM EST | 5.35 | 3.09 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 1:30 PM EST | 5.35 | 3.09 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 12:30 PM EST | 5.35 | 3.09 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 11:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 10:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 9:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 8:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 7:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 6:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 5:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 4:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 3:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 2:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 1:30 AM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 3, 12:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 31–124 |
| Nov 2, 11:30 PM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 10:30 PM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 9:30 PM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 8:30 PM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 7:30 PM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 6:30 PM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 5:30 PM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 4:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 3:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 2:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 1:30 PM EST | 6.6 | 3.12 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 12:30 PM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 11:30 AM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 10:30 AM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 9:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 8:30 AM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 7:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 6:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 5:30 AM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 4:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 3:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 2:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 1:30 AM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 2, 12:30 AM EST | 7.03 | 3.13 | – | 36–73 |
| Nov 1, 11:30 PM EST | 7.47 | 3.14 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 10:30 PM EST | 5.76 | 3.1 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 9:30 PM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 8:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 7:30 PM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 6:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 5:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 4:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 3:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 2:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 1:30 PM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 12:30 PM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 11:30 AM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 10:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 9:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 8:30 AM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 7:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 6:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 5:30 AM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 4:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 3:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 2:30 AM EST | 8.37 | 3.16 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 1:30 AM EST | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 1:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | – | 39–145 |
| Nov 1, 12:30 AM EDT | 7.47 | 3.14 | 50.4 | 39–145 |
| Oct 31, 11:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 50.9 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 10:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 51.1 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 9:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 51.3 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 8:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 51.6 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 7:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 52.2 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 6:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 52.9 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 5:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 53.6 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 4:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 54.1 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 3:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 54.3 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 2:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 53.4 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 1:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 52.9 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 12:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 52.5 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 11:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 50.9 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 10:30 AM EDT | 7.47 | 3.14 | 49.8 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 9:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 48.7 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 8:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 48 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 7:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 48.4 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 6:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 48.9 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 5:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 49.5 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 4:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 50 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 3:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 50.4 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 2:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 51.1 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 1:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 51.3 | 40–176 |
| Oct 31, 12:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 51.6 | 40–176 |
| Oct 30, 11:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 52 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 10:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 52.5 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 9:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 53.1 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 8:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 53.6 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 7:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 54.3 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 6:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 54.7 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 5:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 55.4 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 4:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 56.1 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 3:30 PM EDT | 7.47 | 3.14 | 56.5 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 2:30 PM EDT | 7.47 | 3.14 | 55.9 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 1:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 56.7 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 12:30 PM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 55 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 11:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 54.3 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 10:30 AM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 54.1 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 9:30 AM EDT | 7.47 | 3.14 | 53.6 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 8:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 53.6 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 7:30 AM EDT | 8.83 | 3.17 | 53.8 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 6:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 54.1 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 5:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 55 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 4:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 55.8 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 3:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 56.3 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 2:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 56.5 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 1:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 56.7 | 37–119 |
| Oct 30, 12:30 AM EDT | 8.37 | 3.16 | 56.8 | 37–119 |
| Oct 29, 11:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 56.7 | 27–186 |
| Oct 29, 10:30 PM EDT | 7.92 | 3.15 | 56.7 | 27–186 |
Normal for Nov 5: 25–59 ft³/s (middle half of 18 years of record). Now: 13.4 ft³/s, much below normal.
Much below normal for this date. 13.4 ft³/s is below the 10th percentile of daily mean flow for Nov 5 at this gauge over 18 years of record (2009–2026): 10th 17, 25th 25, median 35, 75th 59, 90th 135 ft³/s.
Daily means on record for Nov 5: lowest 6.61 ft³/s, highest 594 ft³/s.
Classes as USGS labels them (hyswap: flow categories (WDFN_stats schema) (U.S. Geological Survey) ); percentiles from the USGS daily statistics (U.S. Geological Survey) (approved daily means; the reading is provisional and instantaneous).
Rising over 24 hours: discharge up 116.8%, from 6.18 to 13.4 ft³/s. Rising or falling means a change of more than 10% in discharge (or 0.2 ft of gauge height) over 24 hours; our rule of thumb, not a USGS class.
Water temperature, last 7 days: 52 readings from Oct 29, 10:30 PM EDT to Nov 1, 12:45 AM EDT; ranging 48 to 56.8 °F; latest 50.4 °F.
USGS provisional data may be revised. Source: USGS instantaneous values.
| Time | Water temperature (°F) |
|---|---|
| Nov 1, 12:45 AM EDT | 50.4 |
| Oct 31, 11:45 PM EDT | 50.9 |
| Oct 31, 10:45 PM EDT | 51.1 |
| Oct 31, 9:45 PM EDT | 51.3 |
| Oct 31, 8:45 PM EDT | 51.6 |
| Oct 31, 7:45 PM EDT | 52.2 |
| Oct 31, 6:45 PM EDT | 52.9 |
| Oct 31, 5:45 PM EDT | 53.6 |
| Oct 31, 4:45 PM EDT | 54.1 |
| Oct 31, 3:45 PM EDT | 54.3 |
| Oct 31, 2:45 PM EDT | 53.4 |
| Oct 31, 1:45 PM EDT | 52.9 |
| Oct 31, 12:45 PM EDT | 52.5 |
| Oct 31, 11:45 AM EDT | 50.9 |
| Oct 31, 10:45 AM EDT | 49.8 |
| Oct 31, 9:45 AM EDT | 48.7 |
| Oct 31, 8:45 AM EDT | 48 |
| Oct 31, 7:45 AM EDT | 48.4 |
| Oct 31, 6:45 AM EDT | 48.9 |
| Oct 31, 5:45 AM EDT | 49.5 |
| Oct 31, 4:45 AM EDT | 50 |
| Oct 31, 3:45 AM EDT | 50.4 |
| Oct 31, 2:45 AM EDT | 51.1 |
| Oct 31, 1:45 AM EDT | 51.3 |
| Oct 31, 12:45 AM EDT | 51.6 |
| Oct 30, 11:45 PM EDT | 52 |
| Oct 30, 10:45 PM EDT | 52.5 |
| Oct 30, 9:45 PM EDT | 53.1 |
| Oct 30, 8:45 PM EDT | 53.6 |
| Oct 30, 7:45 PM EDT | 54.3 |
| Oct 30, 6:45 PM EDT | 54.7 |
| Oct 30, 5:45 PM EDT | 55.4 |
| Oct 30, 4:45 PM EDT | 56.1 |
| Oct 30, 3:45 PM EDT | 56.5 |
| Oct 30, 2:45 PM EDT | 55.9 |
| Oct 30, 1:45 PM EDT | 56.7 |
| Oct 30, 12:45 PM EDT | 55 |
| Oct 30, 11:45 AM EDT | 54.3 |
| Oct 30, 10:45 AM EDT | 54.1 |
| Oct 30, 9:45 AM EDT | 53.6 |
| Oct 30, 8:45 AM EDT | 53.6 |
| Oct 30, 7:45 AM EDT | 53.8 |
| Oct 30, 6:45 AM EDT | 54.1 |
| Oct 30, 5:45 AM EDT | 55 |
| Oct 30, 4:45 AM EDT | 55.8 |
| Oct 30, 3:45 AM EDT | 56.3 |
| Oct 30, 2:45 AM EDT | 56.5 |
| Oct 30, 1:45 AM EDT | 56.7 |
| Oct 30, 12:45 AM EDT | 56.8 |
| Oct 29, 11:45 PM EDT | 56.7 |
| Oct 29, 10:45 PM EDT | 56.7 |
| Oct 29, 10:30 PM EDT | 56.7 |
Map of USGS gauge 04213152 and the river around it
Where Walnut Creek Upstream Pool, near Erie, PA sits and our water's map point.
No current water-temperature reading at this gauge, so no temperature guidance is given. Take a stream thermometer: the trout lines Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission uses are 60°F, 70°F and 72°F.
This gauge is on our page for Walnut Creek, but no agency page we read lists its species.
Rising water. Rising over the last 24 hours (discharge up 117%). Keep your way back to the bank in sight and watch the level while you fish. “Rising” is our rule of thumb: more than 10% in discharge or 0.2 ft of gauge height in 24 hours, not a USGS or NWS class.
Turn Around Don't Drown. “A mere 6 inches of fast-moving flood water can knock over an adult.” No flow number makes a crossing safe; if in doubt, stay out.
Turn Around Don't Drown (National Weather Service)Dissolved oxygen 10.5 mg/L at Nov 1, 12:45 AM EDT; 7-day range 9.4–13.9 mg/L; more than a day old
Enough oxygen for coldwater fish: 10.5 mg/L meets the 6.5 mg/L EPA sets for coldwater fish (other life stages; eggs and fry need a 8 mg/L minimum).
Quality Criteria for Water 1986 (“Gold Book”): dissolved oxygen, Table 1; pH (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)pH 8.1 at Nov 1, 12:45 AM EDT; 7-day range 8–8.5; more than a day old
Within EPA's freshwater range: pH 8.1 is within the 6.5–9 range EPA gives for freshwater aquatic life.
Quality Criteria for Water 1986 (“Gold Book”): dissolved oxygen, Table 1; pH (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)Turbidity 1.8 FNU at Nov 1, 12:45 AM EDT; 7-day range 0.7–5.8 FNU; more than a day old
Water clarity: Turbidity measures the relative clarity of water: higher means murkier. No agency publishes a fishing threshold for it; compare with this gauge's own recent readings.
Turbidity and Water (U.S. Geological Survey)Specific conductance 784 µS/cm at Nov 1, 12:45 AM EDT; 7-day range 759–791 µS/cm; more than a day old
Dissolved ions: Specific conductance rises with the ions dissolved in the water. No fishing threshold is published for it; compare with this gauge's own recent readings.
Conductivity (Electrical Conductance) and Water (U.S. Geological Survey)Guidance from the readings above and the published thresholds named with each line; not a fishing forecast, a safety guarantee or a statement about access. Local rules and closures come first.
NWS observed 3.23 ft stage at Nov 5, 9:30 PM EST (NWS gauge NUTP1; its stage datum can differ from the USGS gauge height).
NWS has not set flood categories for this gauge.
Forecasts are not available. Only observed stages are available for this point.
Open the NWS gauge page · What the categories mean (National Weather Service)
This gauge is on Walnut Creek: regulations, guides and shops
USGS gauge page USGS statistics NWS gauge NUTP1
Checked Nov 5, 10:18 PM EST; readings refresh at most every 15 minutes and statistics daily. Provisional USGS data can be revised. Conditions change: re-check before you go. This is general guidance, not a fishing forecast, a safety guarantee or a statement about access.